Sejarah Kerajaan Banten (Lengkap)

History of the Banten Kingdom in the 16th century

The Pajajaran Kingdom was located in Pakian, now called Bogor, and had important cities such as Banten, Sunda Kelapa (Jakarta), and Cirebon.
The Pajajaran Kingdom collaborated with the Portuguese, allowing them to establish a trade office and defensive fort in Sunda Kelapa.
In 1526, the Demak fleet, led by Fatahillah, conquered Banten and captured Sunda Kelapa, which was then renamed Jayakarta or Jakarta.
Fatahillah became a great guardian with the title Sunan Gunung Jati and resided in Cirebon, where he founded a center of religious activities.

In 1524, Sunan Gunungjati and combined troops from the Cirebon Sultanate and Demak Sultanate arrived at the port of God Banten.
The troops focused on capturing Wahanten Girang, while there was no resistance from the Hanten Coastal forces.
Ki Jongjoo, an important soldier chief, sided with Maulana Hasanudin, attracting public sympathy.
Maulana Hasanudin won a cockfighting challenge against Arya Suranggana, allowing him to continue his preaching activities.
Arya Suranggana and non-converts chose to enter the forest after his death.
The Banten Girang Complex served as a Pesanggrahan for Islamic rulers until the 17th century.

Sultan Abu Nasir Abdul Qohhar sent envoys to meet the King of England in 1682 for support in a war.
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa was forced to retreat to an area called Tirtayasa and was later arrested by the VOC in 1683.
Untung Surapati, along with Balinese troops, was sent by the VOC to subdue Sultan Ageng's followers.
Sheikh Yusuf was captured on December 14, 1683, and Prince Purbaya surrendered to the VOC.
There was a dispute between Untung Surapati and William Cooler's army post in 1684.

The Great Mosque of Banten is one of the legacies of the Banten Kingdom and one of the 10 oldest mosques in Indonesia.
The mosque was built in 1658 during the reign of Sultan Maulana Hasanudin and has a unique tower resembling a lighthouse and a roof similar to a Chinese pagoda.
The mosque complex also includes a porch, a burial complex for the Sultan and his family, and two palaces, including the Kaibon Palace.

The Kaibon Palace, once a residence for Mother Queen Aisyah, was destroyed during a clash between the Banten Kingdom and the Dutch government in 1832.
The Surosowan Palace, used as the residence of the Sultan of Banten and the center of government, suffered a similar fate as the Kaibon Palace and now only ruins remain.
The Speelwijk fort, built in 1580, served as a maritime defense axis for royal power and also monitored activities in the Sunda Strait. It features a lighthouse, cannons, and a tunnel connecting it to the Surosowan Palace.
Tasikardi Lake, an artificial lake created between 70 and 1580, provided water for the royal family in the Kaibon Palace and irrigation of nearby rice fields.

Banten Kingdom became a trading center and prospered as a pepper port under the rule of Hasanuddin in 1570.
Maulana Yusuf succeeded Hasanuddin as the ruler of Banten in 1570.
In 1580, Hasanuddin's son conquered the Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom, leading to the migration of loyal supporters to the South Banten area and the emergence of the Baduy tribe.
Maulana Muhammad became the ruler of Banten from 1580 to 1596, and attempted to conquer the Palembang Sultanate but was killed in the process.
Sultan Abdul Mufakir Mahmud Abdul Qodir succeeded Maulana Muhammad.

The structure of the palace in the Banten Kingdom resembles European palaces.
The religious life of the Banten Kingdom is based on archaeological data.
Banten society was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist beliefs brought by several kingdoms.
Islam was spread intensively by Sunan Gunungjati and Maulana Hasanudin in Banten.
Mystical stories accompany the Islamization process in Banten.
The Sultan of Banten claims lineage back to Prophet Muhammad SAW and ulama have great influence.
Tarekat and Sufism also developed in Banten, with Islam becoming integral to the culture.
Martial arts Debus Gadi plays an important role in the government of the Sultanate of Banten.
Banten shows religious tolerance and allows certain communities to build their facilities for worship.

The Dutch East Indies attacked Banten in 1810 during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Muhammad Muhyidin Zainussalihin.
The Sultan refused the request to move the capital of Banten to Anyer.
Banten fell into the hands of the British in 1813.