¿Qué fueron las CRUZADAS? - Resumen | Causas y Consecuencias de las Cruzadas.
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The Crusades and its Impact on Europe and the Near East
- The Crusades were a series of religious and military campaigns promoted by the Catholic Church.
- They aimed to recover the holy land, which had fallen under Muslim control in the 7th century.
- The desire to stop the spread of Islam and the ambition to expand political influence were key causes of the Crusades.
- European kings, nobles, and merchants also participated to gain new lands, wealth, and prestige.
- The first Crusade began in 1096 when the Byzantine emperor requested help from the pope.
- The Crusaders formed powerful armies and managed to take control of Antioch and Jerusalem.
- They created four crusader states, but these were eventually taken back by Muslim forces.
- The second Crusade in 1147 was a failure, resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem by Saladin.
Summary of the Crusades
- King Philip returned home while Richard negotiated a truce with Saladin, granting Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem.
- After Saladin's death, Pope Innocent III initiated the Fourth Crusade, which ended with the Crusaders sacking Constantinople and forming the Latin Empire.
- The Fifth Crusade saw a change in strategy, targeting Egypt, but ultimately failed.
- The Sixth Crusade led by Emperor Frederick II resulted in the recovery of the holy land without fighting, but it was soon taken over by Muslims again.
- The last two poorly organized Crusades led by King Louis IX of France ended in failure, leading to the recapture of Christian possessions in the Near East and the surrender of Acre in 1291.
The Crusades: A Summary
- The Crusades were religious and military campaigns promoted by the Catholic Church.
- The main goal was to recover the holy land from Muslim control.
- The desire to stop the spread of Islam and expand political influence were key causes.
- European kings, nobles, and merchants joined to gain new lands, wealth, and prestige.
- The first Crusade began in 1096 and resulted in the capture of Antioch and Jerusalem.