Class 8 History Chapter 5 - When People Rebel 1857 and After | When People Rebel 1857 and After - YouTube
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The British Takeover of India and the Decline of Native Rulers.
- British gradually reduced the authority and power of the Nawabs and Rajas in India.
- The British disbanded the armed forces of the ruling families and took control of their territories.
- Many ruling families tried to form alliances with the British, but their requests were rejected.
- The British established a subsidiary alliance in 1801, giving them more control over the ruling families.
- In 1856, the British abolished the subsidiary alliance and declared that they would rule alone in the Awadh region.
- The British claimed that they needed to rule alone to have complete control over the administration.
- The British announced that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king, indicating the decline of the Mughal dynasty.
Impact of British Rule on Peasants and Soldiers in India
- Peasants (farmers) in the village areas were heavily taxed by the British, leading to financial troubles for them.
- The British used harsh methods to collect revenue and would beat or imprison those who couldn't pay taxes.
- Many villagers were unable to repay loans given by the British, resulting in the loss of their land.
- The British took advantage of peasants by offering them money in exchange for their land, and if the money couldn't be repaid, the land would be taken away.
- Even if the peasants repaid the money, their land could still be confiscated by the British.
- Soldiers, both British and Indian, were unhappy due to low salaries and lack of proper allowances.
- Soldiers were expected to work in any condition, disregarding their comfort and safety.
- The British belief that crossing the sea would nullify one's religion or caste was exploited to compel Indians to fight in wars for the British.
Reactions of Soldiers and Response to Reforms by the British in India
- Soldiers in India are starting to show anger towards the British.
- The soldiers are joining the peasants and farmers in their protests against the British.
- The British introduced reforms to address certain social practices in India.
- They banned the practice of Sati, where widows were expected to be burnt alive with their husbands' bodies.
- The British encouraged widow remarriage and promoted the English language.
- Christian missionaries were given permission to spread Christianity and convert people.
- It was easier for Indians to convert to Christianity compared to other religions.
- The British ensured that the converted Indians would still receive their inheritance and benefits.
The Rebellion Against British Rule in India
- The British were mistreating Indian soldiers and causing anger among the people.
- The rebellion started with the Sepoy Mutiny in Meerut.
- People from different religious backgrounds, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians, united against the British.
- A young soldier named Mangal Pandey was hanged for leading the rebellion.
- Some regiments of soldiers refused to practice army drills, suspecting that the new cartridges were coated with cow fat or pig fat, which went against their religious beliefs.
- 85 soldiers were dismissed and imprisoned for not following British orders.
- Fellow soldiers marched to the jail to rescue the imprisoned soldiers.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 - Indian Uprising Against British Rule
- The rebellion started with the release of prisoners from a jail in Delhi where British officials and officers were attacked and disarmed.
- The Indian rebels set everything British-owned on fire, including buildings, vehicles, and other properties.
- The Indian rebels then marched towards the Red Fort and hoisted the flag of India, proclaiming Bahadur Shah Zafar as their leader.
- Bahadur Shah Zafar, although old, supported the rebellion and encouraged people to fight for independence from the British.
- The rebels started writing letters to various chiefs, planning to unite against the British rulers.
- Indian soldiers from different regiments, including the Group of Army and Group of Sepoy, began to revolt and join the rebellion.
- The rebels targeted local leaders, landlords, and British officials, and soon many places were under their control.
The British Control and Sentencing of Rebel Leaders in India
- British focus on controlling areas where rebels gather and plan attacks.
- Delhi is recaptured by the British, defeating rebel forces led by Bahadur Shah Zafar.
- Zafar is given a trial and sentenced to life imprisonment in Rangoon.
- Lucknow is also taken back by the British, defeating rebel forces.
- Rani Lakshmi Bai fights bravely but is eventually captured and killed.
- Hundreds of rebel leaders, including Nawabs and Sepoys, are tried and sentenced to death by the British.
- British attempt to regain loyalty of the people through schemes and rewards.
- The British regain control of India and introduce changes, with power shifting from the East India Company to the British Crown.
- A member of the British Cabinet is made the Secretary of State for India, indicating direct involvement in Indian affairs.
British Rule in India and its Impact on Indians
- British cabinet in India consisted of British officials, with no Indians present.
- British claimed to solve the problems of Indians, but without Indian representation.
- Indian rulers were promised protection of their territory, but British gradually took control.
- British reduced the number of Indian soldiers in the army and increased the number of European soldiers.
- Land and property belonging to Muslims were confiscated due to suspicion.
- British respected Indian social practices to gain support.
- Policies were made to protect the rights of landlords and landowners.
- The spread of rebellions during British rule is a quiz question for further discussion.
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The British Rule and Rebellion in India
- British gradually reduced the authority and power of Nawabs and Rajas in India.
- The British disbanded the armed forces of ruling families and took control of their territories.
- Many ruling families tried to form alliances with the British, but their requests were rejected.
- The British established a subsidiary alliance in 1801, giving them more control over the ruling families.
- In 1856, the British abolished the subsidiary alliance and declared that they would rule alone in the Awadh region.
- The British heavily taxed peasants, leading to financial troubles for them.
- Harsh methods were used to collect revenue, resulting in beatings and imprisonment for those who couldn't pay taxes.
- Peasants lost their land due to inability to repay loans given by the British.
- The British offered money to peasants in exchange for their land, and if the money couldn't be repaid, the land would be taken away.
- Low salaries and lack of proper allowances made soldiers, both British and Indian, unhappy.
- Soldiers were expected to work in any condition, disregarding their comfort and safety.
- The British belief that crossing the sea would nullify one's religion or caste was exploited to compel Indians to fight in wars for the British.
- The Sepoy Mutiny in Meerut marked the start of the rebellion against the British.
- Soldiers and peasants united in their protests against the British.
- The rebellion spread to various religious backgrounds, including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians.
- The rebellion started with suspicions that the new cartridges were coated with cow fat or pig fat, violating religious beliefs.
- The rebellion escalated with the release of prisoners from a jail in Delhi.
Benefits of Joining Our Study Group
- Access to notes for easy and concise exam preparation.
- Sample papers with important questions from the chapter.
- Shout out opportunities for members.
- Encouragement to continue learning and stay happy and healthy.